Grapes demanding care. And in order for the bush to please its owners with large bunches of sunny fragrant berries, it is necessary not only to properly tie it up and form it by pruning, but also to spray the grapes with certain preparations on time.
Why spray and process grapes in spring?
The main goals of spraying a vine bush in the spring are to prevent the appearance of:
- fungal diseases;
- mold
- pathogens and insect pests.
Processing the bush is best done in the spring, as this will help prevent the appearance of various lesions and diseases. And prevention is always much more effective than fighting an already appeared disease.
Grape spring processing time
If it is planned to process the grapes, it is worth considering that, for example, before the buds open, pests can not harm the bush, but after hatching a leaf, the disease can immediately affect the plant.
You need to pay attention to the fact that some drugs are not allowed to get on the leaves of the plant, otherwise they can cause a burn.
Thus, spring processing of the vine can be divided into three main stages, depending on the stage of bud opening:
- The first, earliest treatment step is when the kidneys just swell.
- The second stage of processing is carried out when the kidney begins to bloom intensively throughout the vine. At this point, bush diseases are activated and harmful insects begin to appear.
- The third stage is carried out only when the leaf is completely formed on the bush.
Here are the main reasons why it is almost impossible to do without processing grapes:
- Spores of fungi are in the air. Especially there are a lot of them where there are clusters of garden plantings.
- The well-groomed garden and directly the place under the bush where last year’s foliage and cut branches are not cleaned is the place where the spores “winter” and feel great.
- Disputes are also in the ground. Therefore, after spring digging, the gardener himself releases them into the air.
It will not work to completely get rid of the spores. But it is possible to reduce their concentration - and this is the main task of spring processing of the bush. To date, gardeners in specialized stores provide a wide selection of chemical and natural preparations that can provide effective assistance in the fight against diseases.
Together with the departure of the last frosts and the removal of warming shelters, preparations should be made for the processing of the vines. It is necessary to start with eradicating spraying. This is a type of spraying that takes place not only on the surface of the vine, but also on the surface of the soil adjacent to the bush.
As soon as a leaf has appeared - this spraying is called preventive - it is already performed on the foliage of the plant when the phase of the appearance of 4-5 leaves begins.
An experienced gardener in the video below talks about what lesions and diseases of grapes exist, and also shares methods of dealing with them in the spring:
How to spray?
Preparations and folk remedies for the processing of vines, there is a large mass. Such processing can be carried out using:
- Fungicides - systemic and contact, they can cope with most diseases of grapes.
- An aqueous solution of baking soda.
- Copper sulfate, which is an excellent source of trace elements, also manifests itself as a fungicide, fighting the germination of moss or lichen in an excessively humid environment.
- Colloidal sulfur - it can be used in combination with copper fungicides. Colloidal sulfur creates a powerful barrier, preventing various diseases of the vine for a period of 10-15 days.
- Specialized drugs like Falcon and Lifeguard.
- Biological preparations.
- Folk remedies that use infusions from various herbs, a variety of improvised substances.
Biological products
If you do not want to use chemicals in your area, then you can choose biological products. They are also able to effectively fight plant diseases and exterminate harmful insects.
It must be borne in mind that fungicides relieve the plant not only of pests, but also can destroy the microflora, which is not pathogenic. That is, treatment with biological products will allow you to save on the vine the necessary and contributing to the proper development of bacteria and insects.
The main, most common biological agents include:
- Fitosporin-M;
- Trichodermin;
- Planriz;
- Pentophagus;
- Haupsin.
Fitosporin-M
This biological product has the following advantages when using:
- Eliminates diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, late blight, bacterial cancer, powdery mildew.
- It can be used both on planting material and on adult plants.
- It can be used completely at any stage of the growing season.
- It is environmentally friendly and safe, both for humans and pollinating insects.
- Price category - affordable.
Disadvantages:
- There is no such effectiveness as a group of drugs belonging to fungicides.
- In the sun, the components of the drug quickly decompose.
In order to maximize the effectiveness of Fitosporin, you need to carry out triple processing of the vine. The first time is at the stage of kidney swelling, the second treatment is at the stage of the appearance of inflorescences, the third treatment is after harvesting.
Actofit
This drug belongs to the group of biological insecticides. Effective in combating ticks, aphids and other pests.
The main active ingredient of the drug is the neurotoxin avertexin, which destroys the nervous system of pests.
Before you start using the drug, you should make sure that the ambient temperature does not drop below +18 ° C. Atofit should be thoroughly mixed with water until a homogeneous emulsion is obtained.
On grapes Actofit effectively eliminates pests such as bunch leaf and spider mites. The required number of treatments, to fix the problem - 1-2 times.
Trichodermin
The drug is similar in action to a group of fungicides. It has a pronounced effect of antibiotics. The drug has proven itself in the fight against most bacterial infections and fungal diseases.
Grapes processed by Trichodermin can be eliminated from cocomycosis, scab, powdery mildew, and rust.
Important: to take water for dilution of the drug only dechlorinated, since otherwise the spores of Trichoderma fungi (they are the basis of the drug) will be killed.
Ecogel
Ecogel activates the internal forces of the vine, so that the plant itself effectively copes with diseases and pests. The drug exhibits the following properties: immunomodulating, antimicrobial, antifungal, fungistatic.
Processing under adverse weather conditions softens the blow to the plant, activates its internal forces to fight. The first treatment can be carried out by watering the plant under the root - this is done before the first leaves appear on the vine. After the sheet is formed, it is possible to spray.
Mikosan
The toxic substances that make up the drug Mikosan do not penetrate into the plant, therefore, they do not harm it, and, accordingly, to humans. Also, like most biological products, Mikosan stimulates the plant's own immunity. This ensures effectiveness in the fight against diseases.
Mikosan spraying can start quite early. A temperature of 5 ° C is already normal for processing. The concentration of the solution depends on what kind of treatment is carried out.
If it is the first, then it is necessary to take 100 ml of the drug in 3-4 liters of water. As the leaf is formed on the vine, a second treatment is carried out. As a rule, it is performed after 2 or 3 weeks. Here already the concentration can be halved.
But in the third treatment, which is carried out with the aim of prevention and at the same time interval, it is desirable that the weather conditions are such that contribute to the development of diseases on the plant. That is, increased humidity, fog, dew. But in this case, during processing, the concentration is reduced even more. Thus, 100 ml of Mikosan is already diluted in 10 liters of water.
Chemicals
A variety of diseases can appear on a plant, such as:
- Infection with fungi - mildew, oidium, altracnose, alternariosis, various types of rot, verticillosis, armillarosis.
- Bacterial lesions - bacterial cancer, bacterial necrosis, acid rot, bacteriosis.
- Viral diseases of the vineyard - chlorosis, necrosis, vein mosaic, leaf marbling
Chemicals can help deal effectively with them. They quickly relieve the plant of the disease state and their duration is longer than that of biological products.
Blue vitriol
After the protective shelter is removed from the vine, after 1-2 days it is treated with copper sulfate. If the climate in the region allows you not to shelter the vineyard, then the processing is done when the temperature is set at an average daily mark of at least 5 ° C.
Otherwise, copper will help the kidney freeze, as this is the property of this drug.
In summer, as soon as the first signs of bush disease appeared, treatment should be carried out with copper sulfate. This will avoid the use of more potent drugs. The concentration of the solution ranges from 0.5% to 3% - it all depends on the type of disease:
- For lotions use a weak solution of 0.5%.
- For lotions are stronger up to 3%. They are used to get rid of lichens and oidium.
- For old powerful bushes, you can use a more concentrated solution of copper sulfate in 5%. But remember that such intensive processing is allowed only in the fall.
It is important to always control the introduction of copper sulphate, since excess copper is harmful to the grape bushes.
Inkstone
At an early stage, it is useful to treat the vine with copper sulphate. In addition to the fact that the soil will be additionally enriched with iron, the product perfectly eliminates pests and effectively fights diseases.
You can prepare a weak solution if the grapes are affected:
- gray rot;
- mildew;
- anthrocnosis;
- spotty necrosis.
Also, vitriol will delay the opening of the kidney, thereby saving it from possible spring frosts.
Watch the video about the processing of grapes with iron sulfate after winter:
Bordeaux mixture
Bordeaux mixture is very toxic. Also, do not abuse its concentration - use solutions of 2-3%, since a more saturated version of the processing fluid can significantly reduce the rate of formation of the bush.
The first treatment is performed on unopened kidneys. To do this, it is necessary to carefully spray the vine and the surrounding soil with a solution of a 3% Bordeaux mixture.
The second processing is performed before the grapes begin to bloom. And they do it so that the Bordeaux mixture gets to where the brush will form. In this case, the concentration of the solution should be reduced to 1%.
With the same small concentration they process the vine when it has already blossomed.
During fruiting, grapes can also be processed, but it is worth doing this with an eye to weather conditions. If the weather is too hot and dry, you should wait until the growth of 10 leaves occurs. If the weather is too wet and rainy, then 5 leaves should form.
After the fruiting period, when the crop has already been harvested, the bush can be processed again, but this should be done only if during the growing season there was an intense defeat of the vine with mildew.
The success of this drug in the agricultural technology of grapes lies in the fact that it keeps on the plant for a long time, providing protection for many months from many diseases.
Urea
Urea is a nitrogenous substance. It should be introduced only when the plant reaches 2-3 years of age and in the spring. To do this, take about 20-30 g of the product per 1 liter of water, carefully mix and spray the plant, so that both the vine and the soil beneath it are affected.
Urea is able to effectively fight insect pests, in addition to being a fertilizer for plant growth.
Colloidal sulfur
Colloidal sulfur treatment is very effective in a wide variety of diseases, fungal and mold lesions.
Colloidal sulfur treatment is not dangerous if the dilution instructions are strictly followed. In addition, it does not have a toxic effect on the plant itself, that is, it is a fairly environmentally friendly drug.
It is worthwhile to carry out processing only when sunny, calm weather is established. There should be no precipitation. The drug should get on both the outer and the inner part of the leaf.
It can not be used during the onset of flowering and should not be mixed in other drugs.
Quadris
Quadris is a fungicide. In accordance with this, it is used not only for the destruction of fungi, but also can effectively cope with bacterial and viral diseases. Quadrice is suitable for all grape varieties.
The drug within 2 days (as long as its intense effect lasts) kills spores of fungi or other pathogens of infection. To use the solution, you must strictly follow the instructions on the package.
Quadris effectively helps to destroy:
- mildew;
- gray rot;
- peronoporosis;
- oidium;
- black spotting.
Reedomil
The use of Ridomil is justified when the vineyard is affected:
- Alternariosis;
- Mildew.
Ridomil should be used in the following concentration:
- for a large bush 25 g of the drug per 10 liters of water;
- for a young bush - 10 g of the drug per 10 liters of water.
Positive characteristics of Ridomil:
- not phytotoxic;
- in addition to protecting the bush itself, the root system of the plant can also be protected;
- quickly penetrates into the plant.
The video below provides an overview of the drug "Ridomil", and also tells what pest the bush is treated with this agent:
Folk remedies
If the vineyard struck aphids, then the plant can be washed with a solution of soap with a proportion of 0.3: 10. To combat phylloxera, parsley should be planted next to the bushes of the vineyard. From the leaflet, fumigation of the bush with tobacco smoke will help.
If the caterpillars divorced on the vine, then you can get rid of them if you spray the grapes with a strong infusion of wormwood for 1 week, repeating the procedure daily.
The tick will disappear if you spray the plant with a decoction of onion husks. In order to prevent the development of mildew, dill bushes should be planted nearby or sprayed with milk diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10.
Features of spring processing of grapes in different regions
It is worth mentioning that those plants that grow in not very prosperous regions will need more careful care to grow this crop.
Since humid weather is less likely in the southern regions, the fungus develops less often. The more humid the climate in summer, the more carefully you need to monitor the plant.
In addition, many drugs are demanding on the temperature regime of spraying. The directions on the packaging should be strictly adhered to.
You also need to consider that if winters are cold, then you need to cover the vine with agrofibre. In autumn, it is important to remove all dead shoots and prevent accumulation of fallen leaves and branches under the bush.
Useful Tips
It is important to remember that the rule - the more, the better, does not work in the case of spraying, both with chemical preparations and biological ones. If you overdo it, then you can harm the plant.
When spring processing, it is imperative that the garter of the branches be carried out before spraying. They should not lie on the ground. Trellis or wire can be used for this.
Before treatment, severely affected areas of the plant should be removed and burned. This will help prevent the spread of the disease.
In no case do not discard branches and leave them in open space, as the disease can return or spread to the neighboring site, and from there return to its original place.
It is imperative to spray the grapes in the spring. This will help to avoid many problems and get a better harvest.