Eurasia 21 is an early ripe hybrid from the group of home plum. This variety stands out for its tall trees, large-fruited crops and high yields. We find out what the gardener must take care of in order to get half a centner of large fruits with a piquant taste.
plum variety "Eurasia"
plum "Eurasia" maintains quality during long-term storage
frosty winters of the Eurasia variety are not afraid
Variety History
“Eurasia” is a product of domestic selection. This complex hybrid was obtained by crossing cherry plum and plum. Varieties were used - Home, Chinese, American yellow and East Asian plum. The variety was created by Voronezh breeders. Eurasia has been in the State Register since 1986. The variety is recommended for cultivation in the Central regions and in the Leningrad region.
You can get more information about other types of plums here.
Description of Eurasia
The first thing that catches your eye when looking at Eurasia is the height of the tree and the size of the fruit. Variety Description:
- Wood. Height - 5-6 m. It has a semi-spreading crown of medium thickening. The bark on the trunk and branches is gray. Due to tallness, the variety is usually grafted onto dwarf rootstocks.
- Fruit. Beautiful, dark blue, with burgundy shimmer and thin skin. Covered with a bluish wax coating. Weight - 23-33 g. The pulp is very juicy, tender and loose. It tastes sour-sweet, with a pronounced plum aroma. The bones are not large, they are difficult to separate from the flesh.
The fruits of Eurasia have a sugar content of 7% and an acid of 2.7%. For comparison - in the fruits of Hungarian sugar - about 14%, acid - 0.7%.
Plum Eurasia is a table variety intended for fresh and processed consumption.
Plum characteristics
Eurasia is characterized by a successful combination of unpretentiousness and high quality fruits. There are few among the stone fruits of such unpretentious and productive crops as plum, and Eurasia is one of its best representatives.
The main agrotechnical characteristics of the variety Eurasia 21:
Specifications | Parameters / Description |
Productivity | young tree - 20 kg adult - 40-50 kg record - 100 kg |
Ripening time | early ripening |
Early maturity | harvest - for the 3-4th year |
Pollination | self-infertility |
Frost resistance | average, up to minus 20-25 ° С |
Disease and pest resistance | medium, needs timely processing |
Drought tolerance | low, without watering the leaves turn yellow, and the fruits fall off |
Advantages and disadvantages
Plum Eurasia has its positive qualities:
- Productivity The tree, provided with the necessary care, gives up to 50 kg of large fruits.
- Resistance to frost. The tree, its roots and flower buds safely withstand the frost and frost characteristic of the climate of the middle zone.
- Immunity. The variety is resistant to many diseases and pests.
- Features of the fruit. Excellent taste, size, preservation of presentation and taste characteristics for a long time.
- Early maturity. The tree gives the first harvest for 3-4 years after planting a seedling in a permanent place.
Disadvantages:
- Tree height. It is more difficult for a gardener to maintain tall trees, to spray them, to harvest, etc.
- Self-infertility. Pollinators need to be planted on the site.
- Vulnerability to many diseases. The variety is susceptible to klyasterosporioz, sick with fruit rot, affected by the moth and aphid.
- Not full versatility. Fruits due to the loose structure of the pulp are not suitable for cooking a number of dishes.
Pollination of plums
Variety Eurasia from the group of self-infertile. This is a minus, but it is easy to neutralize it by planting one or more plums of another variety nearby. Eurasia gives large crops near the Volga beauty, the Lighthouse, the Record and the Greengage fruitful. Gardeners, instead of pollinators, sometimes use mixtures of different pollen.
How to choose the seedling of Eurasia?
The best option for acquiring a seedling is to go to a nursery. When buying planting stock in the market from unknown sellers, you risk not only not buying the variety you were counting on, but also infecting your garden with some kind of fungal or viral disease.
Rules for choosing seedlings:
- The root system must be well developed. The length of the roots is from 10 cm. There should be no damage, traces of fungus or rot.
- The bark is intact, without damage. Lack of dry branches.
- The vaccination site should be clearly visible. The vaccine is located just above the root of the neck.
The optimal parameters for the seedling:
- age - 1-2 years;
- height - up to 150 cm;
- barrel thickness - 1.3 cm;
- the number of branches - 3-4 pieces.
Even 3 year old seedlings are not worth taking - they take root worse than 1-2 year old ones.
Landing requirements
The further fate of the seedling largely depends on how well the planting is carried out - its survival, immunity, growth power and productivity. The process begins with the selection of seedlings and planting sites.
The timing
The landing time of Eurasia is selected taking into account the region:
- Spring. In the Central region and the middle zone, it is preferable to plant a plum in the spring. They begin landing when the threat of frost passes. Usually this is the month of April. Over the summer, the seedling will take root without being exposed to frost, and will enter the winter stronger.
- Fall. Such a planting is more suitable for the southern regions - there are mild winters that allow seedlings to safely winter. But between landing and the onset of stable frosts, at least 1.5-2 months should pass.
A dry, calm day is selected for planting seedlings.
Seat selection
Requirements for the place of landing of Eurasia:
- The soil. The best option is medium loamy soil with neutral acidity. Acidic soils are undesirable - plum yields extremely poor crops on them. Sandstones are a bad option.
- Illumination. The plot is selected sunny. The best option is on a small hill. It is advisable to plant a plum in the southern or southeastern part of the garden.
- Wind protection. The tree is tall and fragile - under the influence of winds, branches can be broken, so they choose a place protected from the wind. A tree is planted near walls, fences, buildings.
- Neighbors. Between Eurasia and the nearest tree should be at least 3 m. Plum is not recommended to be planted next to a walnut, birch, poplar, hazelnut, pear, fir. The neighborhood with the apple tree is welcome.
Landing rules
The rules for planting Eurasia plum are almost the same as for other varieties of this crop. What you need to pay attention to:
- If the soil is acidic, they are deoxidized by applying lime - 0.5-1 kg is put in one pit.
- It is very important that the place is not blown by the winds - due to the increased fragility of long branches.
The remaining nuances are similar to the general rules for planting plum seedlings:
- The ideal planting time is spring, but it is better to purchase seedlings in the fall, and regardless of the time chosen for the event.
- Planting pit is prepared in advance - two weeks before planting a seedling. If planting in the spring, it is advisable to prepare the pit in the fall.
- The dimensions of the pit are 80 cm in diameter and 80 cm in depth.
Preparation for landing
The soil for planting is prepared in advance. They dig it up, remove the rhizomes of perennial weeds, introduce complex mineral fertilizer (100-120 g per 1 sq. M) and bone meal (55-60 g per 1 sq. M).
Pits for landing - 70-80x60-70 (width x depth) are also prepared in advance. For spring planting, it is better to prepare pits in the fall. If it was not possible to do this, dig holes in the spring - a couple of weeks before landing. The pit is filled with soil mixture, which is prepared by mixing the fertile layer with fertilizers.
Components for soil mix (for one landing pit):
- humus - 3 buckets;
- superphosphate - 250 g;
- dolomite flour / slaked lime - 200/300 g;
- potassium sulfate - 30-40 g.
When spring arrives, a nutrient mixture prepared from:
- rotted compost - 20 kg;
- urea - 30 g;
- ash - 200 g.
The better the soil is enriched, the faster the seedling will take root, and the better it will develop.
Until the seedling is planted, it is stored dug in the ground. The day before planting, the seedling is placed in water, and immediately before immersion in the pit - the roots are moistened in a soil-clay mash. You can also dip the roots in a solution of clay and mullein. Before dipping the roots into the talker, they are cut to 1-2 cm. Broken and rotten roots are also cut.
The process of planting a plum seedling Eurasia
When the pit and the seedling are prepared, begin to plant. Procedure:
- The bottom of the pit carefully loosens and forms a hill.
- In the middle of the hill they put a support for a seedling - a wooden peg.
- A seedling is placed on top of a hill, spreading its roots.
- Sprinkle the roots with earth, ramming it with your hand.
- The root neck should be 3-5 cm from the ground.
- The seedling is tied to a peg.
- Around the trunk make a recess d = 50 cm - to water the tree. Irrigation rate - 3 buckets of water.
- Sprinkle the trunk circle with mulch.
When planting several seedlings of plums, between the neighboring leaves 3 m, between the rows - 4.5 m.
Cultivation and care
Gardeners expect large yields from Eurasia, but they cannot be obtained without regular care. Standard agricultural technology - watering, top dressing, pruning, pest, disease and weed control.
Top dressing
If all the necessary fertilizers were laid in the landing pit, then during the first two years he would not need any additional fertilizing. Further, the tree is fed according to the scheme - 4 applications per season.
Dates and norms of feeding plum Eurasia 21:
Application Dates | Fertilizer | Norm for one tree |
Spring. Before flowering. | ammonium nitrate (introduced during digging) | 20 g |
Spring. Bloom. | potassium sulfate with urea (solution - for 10 liters, 2 tbsp. l. each) | 20-25 l |
Spring is the beginning of summer. After flowering. | nitrofoska (solution - 10 l put 3 tbsp. l.) | 25-30 l |
Fall. End of September. | superphosphate (contribute during digging) | 100 g |
Once every 3-4 years, the soil is lime - 300-400 g of lime are applied under one tree. If necessary, plum is also fed with chicken droppings (infusion) - in the summer, when the tree fades. But not earlier than 3 weeks after the introduction of Nitrofoski.
When and how to trim?
The peculiarity of plum Eurasia 21 is the rapid growth of branches. The growth of the latter does not correspond to the speed with which the trunk thickens, so the tree is unstable, prone to breaking branches during winds. Because of this, the drain needs double pruning - first in the fall, then in the spring. Moreover, at first, the third pruning was recommended for the young tree - summer.
After pruning, it is important to garden all sections to prevent garden infection. The formation of the crown allows the tree to direct internal resources to the maturation of large plums.
Crown Trimming Scheme:
- In the first year, buds develop on the seedling. The stamp is freed from the side branches - up to a level of 0.5 m from the ground. The remaining shoots are cut off by 50%.
- The main conductor is shortened at a height of 1.5 m from the soil. The crown at the plums is formed mainly according to the sparse-tiered version. In the first 5 years, 5-7 strong branches are left - they should be defended from the trunk at an angle of 45-50 degrees. Between adjacent shoots, the interval is 20 cm.
- 3 skeletal branches are left on the lower tier. Two are on the same level, the third is higher. On the second tier should remain two branches at different levels.
- During the first 2 years of life, pruning is carried out in the month of June. Shorten the lateral branches by 20 cm, without touching the central conductor.
- In September, the main conductor is cut off by a third, the remaining shoots - by 2/3.
- Branches located at an acute angle, as well as growing inward, are removed completely.
By pruning an adult tree, they prevent thickening. Skeletal branches should be directed in different directions, at least 25 cm apart from each other. During sanitary pruning, dry, frozen, damaged branches are removed. They are burned immediately after trimming - to prevent the spread of infection and pests.
Thanks to competent pruning, the gardener can adjust the height of the Eurasia plum, since a 6 m tree is not very convenient to maintain.
How to water a plum?
Plum Eurasia 21 is a moisture-loving variety. She needs systematic watering - by sprinkling or along the grooves. Watering scheme:
- The first time the tree is watered in early spring - before the buds open.
- Until August, the tree is watered with a frequency of 10-20 days, depending on the weather. For the season of such irrigation, about 5 is obtained. The norm of water for a young tree is 40 liters, for an adult tree - 60 liters.
- After falling leaves, the tree is watered abundantly - to nourish the soil with moisture before winter. Irrigation rate - 80 l.
For Eurasia, it is equally harmful both waterlogging and drought:
- Water scarcity leads to the loss of ovaries - you can lose most of the crop. The lack of watering often leads to cracking of the fruit.
- Excess moisture causes yellowing of leaves and death of branches.
Soil care
After watering, the soil in the near-stem circle is loosened and mulched. Appearing weeds and shoots are promptly removed. Loosening is necessary for aeration of the soil - oxygen must flow to the roots.
Prevention and protection against diseases and pests
The diseases most often affecting the Eurasia 21 variety:
- Kleasterosporiosis. For treatment, the tree is treated with copper chloride (dissolved 30 g in a bucket of water). On one tree - 2 l of solution. Sprayed after flowering. To prevent the disease, it is important to clean and dispose of fallen leaves in time, cut the tree, destroy weeds.
- Moniliosis. Spray with a lime solution (10 l of water - 2 kg of lime). Spraying times are March and October. When the crop is harvested, the tree is treated with a solution of copper sulfate (10 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water). Prevention measures - cleaning from branches of mummified fruits.
Remedies for diseases and pests:
- For prevention. Trees are treated with a solution of urea, Bordeaux liquid, copper chloride.
- To control pests and diseases. Trees are sprayed with a solution of urea, Karbofos, Fitosporin.
The most dangerous pests for Eurasia are the plum sawfly, codling moth and aphid.
What other common diseases do plums have, this article will tell.
Plum pests and control measures:
Pest | How to treat? | Prevention |
Plum sawfly | treatment with malathion before and after flowering | autumn digging of the soil |
Aphid | during the formation of buds - treatment with benzophosphate (per 10 l of water - 60 g) | harvesting fallen leaves |
Moth | after flowering - treatment with Karbofos or Fufanon | harvesting and loosening the soil |
When and how to harvest?
The first plum crop from Eurasia is removed for 3 years, and the older the tree, the greater the yield. The branches of an adult tree bend under the weight of the fruit. To prevent the branches from breaking, they are propped up with supports.
Fruits Eurasia 21 early - the first plums can be collected already in late July or early August. They do not keep up amicably - in waves, so the harvest is stretched for 3-4 stages.
If you remove the fruits a little unripe - 7-10 days before readiness, then they will not lose their taste at all. They will not only safely reach their condition, but will also be better stored.
Winter tree protection
Despite its good frost resistance, the Eurasia plum needs pre-winter agricultural activities. Thanks to them, the tree safely survives the winter period, without freezing and not becoming the prey of rodents.
The procedure for preparing the plum tree for winter:
- Removing leaves from the trunk circle.
- Water-charging irrigation - 80 l.
- Loosening and sprinkling with mulch - suitable chips, rotted sawdust, peat. Mulch layer - 10-12 cm.
- Removing dead bark and overgrown moss.
- A similar procedure for skeletal branches.
- Whitewashing flaky areas. The solution is prepared from 10 l of water, 0.5 kg of copper sulfate, 2.5 kg of chalk or lime, and 200 g of wood glue.
- The peeled and whitewashed tree is wrapped with burlap, agrofibre or paper. To protect against rodents, the tree trunk is wrapped with a fine metal mesh.
Scope of berries
Eurasia is an early table variety intended for fresh consumption. Plums with juicy, tender flesh are a great dessert for summer time. But this variety is also good in harvesting - from large soft fruits they get excellent jam and jam, juices with pulp, sauces.
Although Eurasia is not Hungarian, but they make prunes from it, however, it turns out to be sour. But this plum is not suitable for freezing - in frozen form, the fruits lose their gustatory quality, acquiring wateryness. Compotes from the fruits of Eurasia also do not - they have too loose flesh, and compote can turn out cloudy.
Plum storage and transportability
Due to the loose flesh, the fruits of Eurasia can be damaged during transportation. That is why it is recommended that they either be immediately put into processing or removed without being finished. In the refrigerator, at zero temperature, they retain commercial qualities for three weeks.
If you are not a fan of tall trees, then Eurasia 21 is not for you. All other disadvantages of this variety are not so significant as to abandon over-yield plums. With proper care, the tree will produce about 50 kg of large plums every summer.
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